Analysis · Topic

Digital Currency

Central bank digital currencies, wholesale tokenisation, stablecoins, and the architectural transformation of money. Whether programmable currency will ultimately serve central bank ambitions or undermine them remains, in 2026, an open question.

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The Instrument That Became Its Own Opposite: China's Digital Yuan and the Collapse of the CBDC Concept

On the first of January 2026, China reclassified its e-CNY wallet balances as commercial bank liabilities rather than central bank obligations. The digital yuan survived its first decade. Whether what survived can still be called a central bank digital currency is a more interesting question than the one the announcement was designed to answer.

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Forthcoming in This Topic

Further analysis of wholesale CBDC experiments, the dollar's digital architecture, cross-border settlement networks, and the political economy of programmable money is in preparation. Subscribe to receive notification of new articles.